Emerald was one of the most precious gemstones in antiquity. The oldest known emerald mine is in Egypt's Eastern Desert, in the mountain valley of Wadi Sikait, where mining likely started at the end of the Ptolemaic period in the first century BC.
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HISTORY
When Did It Start?
The majority of mining operations, however, dates from the Roman and Byzantine eras, which lasted from the late first century BC to the sixth century AD. The Romans called emerald "smaragdus" and named the Sikait area Mons Smaragdus, which translates as you can now guess, Emerald Mountain.
Details of this emerald pair (SOLD) Shape & Cut: Octagon Stone type: Emerald Weight (cts): 2.79 / 2.78 Dimensions (mm): 8.81x8.37x5.75 / 8.75x8.33x5.75mm Color: Green Treatment: Insignificant Oil Origin: Colombia Certified: GRS Single/pair: Pair
THE QUESTION
The Only Source of Mining?
But, at the time, was the emerald the only source of mining? The Egyptian mines continued to be exploited until at least the Middle Ages when Arab writers document the appearance of larger, heavier, stones from the Indian subcontinent.
The green beryls from Egypt are distinguishable by their oxygen-isotopic composition. What nation is said to have had an emerald mine that was used by ancient European civilizations as well?
a. Austria b. Sicilia c. Hungary d. Romania
Answer A. They are called the Habachtal mines in Austria.
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Benjamin Poudevigne
Writer & Marketing Specialist | Gems & Luxury Industry
With more than a decade of marketing experience, I am now based in Bangkok where I combine my professional background with a long-standing passion for gemstones. I write articles that explore both the beauty and the business of gems, offering insights into their history, trade, and market dynamics. My goal is to make the world of gemstones more accessible to anyone curious to learn, while bringing in the perspective of someone who understands both storytelling and strategy.